土壤中的阳离子以2价的钙、镁离子为主，向土壤中过量施入磷肥时，磷酸根离子与土壤中钙、镁等阳离子结合形成难溶性磷酸盐，即浪费磷肥土壤板结的原因，又破坏了土壤团粒结构，致使土壤板结。············································
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向土壤中过量施入钾肥时，钾肥中的钾离子置换性特别强，能将形成土壤团粒结构的多价阳离子置换出来，而一价的钾离子不具有键桥作用，土壤团粒结构的键桥被破坏了，也就破坏了团粒结构，致使土壤板结。
土壤板结的危害以及为什么
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土壤板结的情况下，缺氧而导致根系活力下降，不能正常发育土壤板结的原因，植物根部细胞呼吸减弱，而氮素等营养又多以离子态存在，吸收时要耗细胞代谢产生的能量，呼吸减弱，故能量供应不足，影响养分的吸收。
土壤板结也会导致缺素症。缺素症有时并不一定就是土壤中缺少这种元素，而是因为土壤板结、土壤酸碱度不适宜、或者是土壤水分供应不均衡等一系列问题引起的根部吸收能力下降导致的。
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打破土壤板结的原理
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向土壤中施入有机肥料或微生物肥料，会逐步恢复土壤中有益微生物群落，微生物的分泌物能溶解土壤中的磷酸盐，将磷素释放出来，同时，也将钾及微量元素阳离子释放出来，以键桥形式恢复团粒结构，消除土壤板结。
来源：肥料信息台·············································································
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